Your doctor has recommended that you have a medical procedure called a Colonoscopy to evaluate a problem or to screen for colon cancer. This brochure will help you understand how a Colonoscopy can benefit you and what you can expect before, during, and after this procedure.

The colon, or large bowel, is the last portion of your digestive or GI tract. It starts at the cecum, which attaches to the end of the small intestine, and it ends at the rectum and anus. The colon is a hollow tube, about five feet long, and its main function is to reabsorb water from feces prior to their elimination.

The colonoscope is a long, thin, flexible tube with a light on the end. By adjusting the various controls on the colonoscope, the doctor can carefully guide the instrument in any direction to look at the inside of the colon. 

The colonoscope is a very precise instrument which gives the doctor a detailed full color view of the interior walls of the colon.

Colonoscopy is a safe and effective way to screen for colon cancer and polyps, and evaluate problems such as blood loss, pain, and changes in bowel habits. 

Colonoscopy is also an important way to check for colon cancer and to treat colon polyps - abnormal growths on the inside lining of the intestine. Polyps vary in size and shape and, while most are not cancerous, some may turn into cancer. 

Who needs a Colonoscopy?

A Colonoscopy is recommended as a routine screening test for all individuals over 50 who are at average risk for colon cancer.  Colon cancer develops relatively slowly. Early detection through screening colonoscopies can frequently prevent the spread of this disease and result in complete cures.  Waiting for symptoms to develop often means the tumor will be discovered in a more advanced state with lower cure rates. As such we recommend that all of our patients begin screening no later than age 50.  If there is a family history of colon cancer or a personal history of risk factors that raise the individuals risk, than earlier screening with the use of a longer instrument called a colonoscope is recommended.

How Do I Prepare for the Procedure?

There are important steps that you must take to prepare for the procedure. 

You will be given instructions in advance that will outline what you should and should not do in preparation for Colonoscopy. Be sure to read and follow these instructions. One very critical step is to thoroughly clean out the colon. It is essential that you complete this step carefully, because how well the bowel is emptied determines the success of the procedure.

Colonoscopy will be done in an out patient facility. You’ll be asked to sign a form that gives your consent to the procedure and states that you understand what is involved. If there is anything you don’t understand, ask for more information.

What Can You Expect During a Colonoscopy?

During the procedure, everything will be done to ensure your comfort.

Once you are ready, your doctor will do a rectal exam with a gloved, lubricated finger; then the lubricated colonoscope will be gently inserted.

As the scope is slowly and carefully passed, you may feel as if you need to move your bowels, and because air is introduced to help advance the scope, you may feel some cramping or fullness. Generally, however, there is only mild discomfort.

What are the Possible Complications from a Colonoscopy?

Although Colonoscopy is a safe procedure, complications can sometimes occur. These include perforation - a puncture of the colon walls, which could require surgical repair. This is very rare 

When polyp removal or biopsy is performed, hemorrhage (heavy bleeding) may rarely occur and sometimes require blood transfusion or reinsertion of the colonoscope to control the bleeding. Again this is very uncommon.

Be sure to discuss any specific concerns you may have about the procedure with your doctor.

The time needed for Colonoscopy will vary, but on the average, the procedure takes about 30 minutes. Afterwards, your doctor will inform you about the results of your Colonoscopy and provide any additional information that you need to know. You’ll be allowed to use the bathroom to pass any retained air, and will then be free to resume your normal routine.

What Can You Expect After Your Colonoscopy?

Occasionally, minor problems may persist, such as bloating, gas, or mild cramping. These symptoms should disappear in 24 hours or less.